Packet Tracer Lab 1.3.3

In this packet tracer we embark on learning how the IOS installs and removes static routes. Static routes should only be used when and if a network only consists of few routers, a network is connected to the internet through only one ISP, or a large network is configured through a hub and spoke topology. Typically a routing topology consists of a combination of dynamic and static routes, but in this activity static only is the scenario. Remote networks are added to the routing table either by configuring static routes or enabling a dynamic routing protocol. When the IOS learns about a remote network and the interface that it will use to reach that network, it adds that route to the routing table as long as the exit interface is enabled. A static route includes the network address and subnet mask of the remote network, along with the IP address of the next-hop router or exit interface.

Packet Tracer Lab 1.3.2

How the IOS installs and removes directly connected routes is conveyed through this Packet Tracer. When a routers interface is configured with an IP address and a subnet mask, that interface becomes a host on the network. A PC is normally configured with a single host IP address because it only has a single network interface, usually an Ethernet NIC. Routers have multiple interfaces, therefore each interface must be a member of a different network. Before any static or dynamic routing is configured on a router, the router only knows about its own directly connected networks. These are the only networks that are displayed in the routing table until static or dynamic routing is configured. Directly connected networks are of prime importance for routing decisions. Static and dynamic routes cannot exist in the routing table without a router's own directly connected networks. The router cannot send packets out an interface if that interface is not enabled with an IP address and subnet mask, just as a PC cannot send IP packets out its Ethernet interface if that interface is not configured with an IP address and subnet mask.

Packet Tracer 1.2.2

Packet Tracer 1.2.2 consists of practicing basic router commands and configurations. Commands such as show running-config which displays the current running configuration that is stored in RAM. With a few exceptions, all configuration commands that were used will be entered into the running-config and implemented immediately by the IOS. All of the previous basic router configuration commands have been entered and were immediately stored in the running configuration file of R1. The running-config file is stored in RAM and is the configuration file used by IOS. The next step is to verify the commands entered by displaying the running configuration. Commands that are also used in this process include show interface, show ip route, show startup-config and lastly show ip interface brief.

Packet Tracer Lab 1.2.1

In this Packet Tracer lab we venture into using the packet tracer activities to connect devices. To elaborate we are required to configure the device names to match the figure and use the place note feature to add network address labels. Each router examines the destination IP address to correctly forward the packet, therefore the address configuration of a router is crucial to network performance. Your place note addressing scheme should indicate the physical connectivity being used as well as device names, interfaces used as well as IP addresses, subnet masks and default gateway addresses for end devices such as a CPU. At the end of this activity data in the router should be interconnected and configured with IP addresses.

Packet Tracer Lab 1.1.5.4

In this packet tracer we explore how to use the physical, config, and CLI tabs in the router. each individual interface connects to a different network thus each interface will have an IP address/mask corresponding to to that network. CLI is command line interface, in which a user interface that involves typing commands instead of choosing them from a menu or selecting an icon.Therefore manual configuration is necessary for this activity. LAN interfaces are applied to the bottom rack of the router meanwhile WAN is applied to the upper level, in addition to this routing tables and other protocols must be configured according to the scenario at hand. 

Packet Tracer lab 1.1.5.3

This lab requires us to use packet tracer to practice determining the proper cables to use. In cabling devices the media being used is most relevant, whether it be LAN or WAN, the cabling issues will vary depending on the scenario. With you connect devices you must verify the connection through actions, such as sending a packet. Usually you are urged to use an auto connect tool, but in this lab in particular, for obvious purposes, you must determine what media to use your self. After everything is connected run a test to see if you are correct and troubleshoot otherwise.

Packet Tracer Lab 1.1.4

This packet tracer activity revolves around using the setup mode and tests our ability to properly configure routers.We investigate the show running-configuration command. This command can be used to help verify and troubleshoot some of the basic hardware and software components of the router. We use this command in the lab to display the information about the of the Cisco IOS software currently running on the router as well as the version of the bootstrap and the information about the hardware configuration, including the amount of system memory. On the other hand setup mode is initiated if the startup configuration file cannot be located, the router will prompts the user to enter setup mode. Setup mode involves Setup mode is a series of questions urging the user for basic configuration information. Setup mode is not intended to be used to enter complex router configurations, but in the case of the lab it is required.

Packet Tracer labs 1.1.1

  This packet tracer activity shows a complex network of routers with many different technologies. We view the activity in simulation mode in order to see the traffic traveling from multiple sources to multiple destinations over various types of media. It is enforced that the routers are used to determine the path of the packet and forward the packets, without this knowledge you cannot properly complete the configuration of the routers. With a properly configured routing table we can follow a packet from source CPU to the destination CPU.

Packet Tracer Lab 1.5.1

This packet tracer revolved around cabling a network with routers, switches, and hosts. Once we setup the network according to the desired scenario, the router needs to encapsulate the packet into the data link frame of of the outgoing interface. The switching function is a process used by a router to accept a packet on one interface and forward it out on another. A key responsibility of the switching function is to encapsulate packets in the appropriate data link frame for the outgoing data link. Therefore layer 2 data link addresses must change at every hop as the packet is decapsulated and re-encapsulated in a frame in each router.

HW 2/27/12

For stage 2 of the assignment today, we were required to assign a task to each group member. Corresponding to the task would be a component, such as me i was number 3 and therefore assigned the ROM component. Then we would simulate the journey of a packet through the network among our group. For example "copy ios" command would be recorded by the ROM then given to the CPU and then sent to either the RAM or NVRAM. This setup would apply for several different commands and the path of the packet would vary with each command.